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Spartina - a summary of control methods

Method

Effectiveness

Advantages & disadvantages

Herbicides (Dalapon, Glyphosate) Can be effective though Dalapon is difficult to obtain and Glyphosate not fully trialed Requires continuing treatment. Relatively expensive

Digging

Partially & on a small scale (mainly seedlings)

Labour intensive & costly on a large scale

Dyking and inundation

Partially effective in preventing spread

Costly & damaging to other saltmarsh communities

Bulldozing (removal of surface)

Ineffective

Potential damage to mud surface

Rotovating & Harrowing

Counter-productive

Greater propagation from broken rhizomes

Burying (ploughing & rotovation)

Effective if plants are covered

Difficulties of access

Crushing

Partially effective

Requires repeat treatment, vehicular access difficulties

Burning

Ineffective

Impractical

Grazing

Prevents seedling production, no reduction in clumps

Increases shoot density

Mowing

Prevents seedling production, no reduction in clumps

Can increase shoot density

Covering (black plastic)

Partly effective on a small scale

Difficult to keep plastic in place

 

General guidance: A variety of methods can effectively control (though not eradicate) Spartina. Where control has been effective it has been carried out on a regular cycle and can be expensive in time and money. However, before deciding on a particular strategy it is important to understand why the plant has invaded in the first place. It may be its invasion is a symptom of changes in sedimentary patterns and not a cause. If this is the case then other, native saltmarsh plants might be expected to invade if Spartina were not around.

Mechanical control of Spartina may be an alternative to using herbicides. On Lindisfarne NNR in the late 1980s attempts to control Spartina anglica using a variety of herbicides were tried on the mudflats of the Lindisfarne NNR. Details of these can be found by reference to an English Nature 'enact' article (Volume 1. No. 3, 1993). In the 1990s mechanical trials were undertaken using a machine, which 'buried' the plants. This have proved to be highly successful according to a further article in 'enact' (Volume 10. No. 4 2002).

Note: Further guidance on control is available in the saltmarsh restoration guide prepared for the New York State (Niedowski 2000) It also includes a section on control of Phragmites where the efficacy of a number of herbicides is discussed (pages 50-52).

References

Niedowski, N.L. 2000. New York State Salt Marsh Restoration and Monitoring Guidelines. New York State, Division of Coastal Resources & Division of Fish, Wildlife and Marine Resources.

 
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