'Natural' factors creating greater stability:

• age, succession;
• reduced burrowing activity by rabbits (following myxomatosis);
• increased rainfall and vegetative growth;
• increasing sediment supply from erosion.

Value of dynamic management:

'Natural' factors causing greater instability:

• climate change leading to increased storms, higher winds
• lowering water table, due to climate change;
• sea level rise;
• finite sediment supply
• increased burrowing activity as rabbit numbers increase.
  

• possibility of greatest NC biodiversity;
• greater landscape and recreational value;
• provides flexible response to increasing storms and sea level rise

Human factors creating greater stability:

• artificial structures;
• beach nourishment;
• changes in agriculture (lower stocking rates);
• 'acid rain', more nutrients;
• control of access;
• afforestation.

Human factors causing greater instability:

• Deforestation and scrub control;
• high stock numbers, extended grazing periods;
• sand extraction;
• water abstraction;
• increasing recreational use.